Conduct a Roof Assessment:

Check Structural Integrity: Ensure that the flat roof can bear the extra weight of the solar panel system, which usually weighs 2 - 4 pounds per square foot. Professional installers are recommended to evaluate the load - bearing capacity.

Examine Roof Membrane: The roof membrane should be in good condition with at least 10 years of service life remaining to avoid potential leakage problems.

Measure Unobstructed Space: Make sure there is enough unshaded space to install solar panels according to the planned system size.

Choose a Mounting System:

Ballasted System: This is a popular option as it doesn't require penetrating the roof. It uses weight blocks, such as concrete blocks, to secure the solar panels and prevent wind uplift. The installer will calculate the appropriate ballast weight based on factors like building height, roof edge distance, and panel dimensions.

Mechanically Attached System: This system offers maximum stability but requires roof penetrations. It is usually more suitable for roofs with a strong structure that can handle the penetrations.

Hybrid System: As the name suggests, it combines the features of both ballasted and mechanically attached systems to achieve optimal stability.

Prepare the Roof Surface: Clean the roof surface to remove any debris, dirt, or loose materials that could affect the installation or cause damage to the panels. If there are any existing protrusions or obstacles on the roof, such as HVAC units or vents, plan the panel layout to avoid them and ensure easy access for maintenance3.

Install the Mounting System:

For Ballasted System: First, lay out the metal racking system on the flat roof. Then, place the solar panels on the rack and secure them with screws. Finally, put the heavy concrete blocks on the racking system as ballast to keep the entire system in place.

For Mechanically Attached System: Drill holes in the roof at the predetermined locations and attach the mounting brackets or rails using bolts or screws. Seal the penetration points properly to prevent water leakage.

For Hybrid System: Follow a combination of the above two methods according to the specific design requirements.

Install the Solar Panels: Place the solar panels on the installed racking or mounting system and secure them firmly using clamps or other fixing devices. Make sure the panels are properly aligned and spaced evenly for optimal sunlight exposure and airflow.

Connect the Electrical Wiring: Run the electrical wiring from the solar panels to the inverter and then to the electrical panel of the building. The wiring should be installed in accordance with local electrical codes and safety standards to ensure safe and efficient power transmission.

Perform Final Testing and Inspection: After the installation is complete, conduct a comprehensive test to check the performance of the solar panel system, including measuring the voltage, current, and power output of the panels. Also, inspect the entire installation to ensure that all components are properly installed, the wiring is secure, and there are no potential safety hazards.