The worldwide environmental pollution and energy shortage have compelled people to make greater efforts in searching for and developing new energy sources. During the process of exploring and developing new energy, people naturally turn their attention to various renewable alternative energy sources, such as wind energy, nuclear power, hydropower, and solar energy. Photovoltaic power generation is one of them. Although there are various limitations in the practical application of photovoltaic power generation, with the decrease in the cost of photovoltaic power generation, the increase in the cost of mineral power generation, and the reduction of mineral energy, photovoltaic power generation is gradually entering the commercialization stage.
Solar cells mainly use monocrystalline silicon as the material. A p-n junction similar to that in a diode is made of monocrystalline silicon, and its working principle is similar to that of a diode. However, in a diode, the movement of holes and electrons in the p-n junction is driven by an external electric field, while in a solar cell, the movement of holes and electrons in the p-n junction is driven by solar photons and photothermal radiation, which is the principle of the photovoltaic effect commonly known as. Currently, the photoelectric conversion efficiency, that is, the efficiency of photovoltaic cells, is approximately 13%-15% for monocrystalline silicon and 11%-13% for polycrystalline silicon. The latest technologies also include photovoltaic thin-film cells.
Currently, solar photovoltaic power generation systems can be roughly divided into three categories: off-grid photovoltaic energy storage systems, grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems, and a hybrid system of the previous two. The off-grid photovoltaic energy storage system is a common application mode of solar energy, which has been applied at home and abroad for several years. The system is relatively simple and has wide adaptability. However, the relatively large volume of a series of storage batteries and the difficulty in maintenance limit its application scope.
1. Solar photovoltaic cells (solar panels): Realize the photoelectric conversion.
2. Storage batteries: They are key components in the photovoltaic power generation system and are used to store the electricity converted from photovoltaic cells. Currently, there are no special storage batteries for photovoltaic systems in China, and conventional lead-acid batteries are used instead.
3. DC inverters: Its function is to convert direct current into alternating current. Therefore, the most important indicators of this component are reliability and conversion efficiency. The alternating current converted by the AC inverter maximally sends the electric energy converted by the photovoltaic cells into the power grid or directly supplies it to electrical equipment for use.
Schematic diagram of the photovoltaic system
The photovoltaic water pump system is a typical opto-mechatronic integration system. It uses solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy, and then converts it into alternating current through an inversion link to drive an AC asynchronous motor to drive a water pump to draw water from deep wells, rivers, lakes, ponds, and other water sources for use. This system is widely used in desert management, residential life, agricultural irrigation, greening irrigation, grassland animal husbandry, scenic area fountains, water treatment projects, etc. The photovoltaic water pump system has the following characteristics:
1. The photovoltaic water pump system operates fully automatically without the need for manual operation. The system is composed of photovoltaic cells (solar panels), storage batteries (according to customer requirements), special photovoltaic inverters, water pumps, water storage devices, etc.
2. A special photovoltaic water pump inverter is used to adjust the speed of the water pump according to the change in sunlight intensity, so that the output power is close to the maximum power of the solar cell array. When the sunlight is very sufficient, it ensures that the speed of the water pump does not exceed the rated speed. When the sunlight is insufficient, it automatically stops running according to whether the set minimum operating frequency is met.
3. The water pump is driven by a three-phase AC motor to pump water from a deep well and inject it into a water storage tank/pool, or it can be directly connected to an irrigation system. Different types of water pumps can be used for work according to the actual system requirements and installation conditions.
4. An economical and effective solution can be provided according to different regional and customer requirements.
1. The Characteristics of the HD800 Series Inverters
The HD800 series inverters are a brand-new series of products developed by Puchuan Technology according to the characteristics of photovoltaic inversion after repeated on-site tests. Currently, they have been widely applied in dozens of countries and regions near the equator in Asia, Africa, and South America, and their excellent performance and stable and reliable operation have received unanimous praise from customers. The product has the following characteristics:
(1) It has a built-in high-precision maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for photovoltaic arrays, which can intelligently track the maximum power point, with fast response, high stability, and high efficiency.
(2) Detection and processing of the dry-running state.
(3) Control of the water level in the reservoir.
(4) When the light is insufficient, it can be automatically switched to the mains power in combination with peripheral devices to ensure the reliability of the system.
(5) It has a wide voltage adaptation range and can better adapt to outdoor environments.
(6) The LED displays the real-time system status and parameters, and there is a real-time remote monitoring system based on RS485.
(7) It has a quick installation design and does not require additional maintenance.
(8) It has a built-in comprehensive protection and diagnosis mechanism.
2. The Wiring Diagram of the HD800 Series Inverters and the Selection of Solar Panels
Main circuit wiring diagram
Wiring diagram of the HD800 7.5kW and below special photovoltaic water pump inverters
Selection of solar panels
Egypt is dry and has little rainfall, with a hot climate. More than one-third of the employed population is engaged in agriculture. The arable land area of the whole country is 3.1 million hectares, accounting for about 3.7% of the total national land area, and most of it is irrigated land. Egypt is the country with the highest unit area yield in Africa. Agriculture occupies an important position in Egypt's national economy. However, Egypt is facing a serious shortage of irrigation water, such as uneven rainfall distribution, repeated droughts, and a particularly severe shortage of irrigation electricity and diesel resources. But the unique geographical conditions endow Egypt with rich solar energy resources. With the decrease in the cost of photovoltaic modules, the trend of photovoltaic irrigation in Egyptian agriculture is obvious, and the pace of using solar clean energy is further accelerating.
After the HD800 series special photovoltaic water pump inverters of Beijing Yijia were launched, they were quickly applied locally and have been working stably and reliably, winning the appreciation of customers. After one year of use, they have saved 70% of the cost for users.
1. Sufficient cleanliness. (If a storage battery scheme is adopted, the treatment of waste storage batteries should be considered.)
2. Absolute safety.
3. Relative universality.
4. Definite long lifespan and maintenance-free property.
5. Sufficient resources and potential economic benefits, etc.
1. Limitation of time cycle.
2. Limitation of geographical location.
3. Limitation of meteorological conditions.
4. Limitation of capacity transmission.
5. Relatively low light energy conversion efficiency.
1. The voltage and capacity of photovoltaic cells.
2. The intensity of sunlight.
3. The cleanliness of the surface of photovoltaic cells (solar panels).
4. The environmental temperature.
The photovoltaic water pump system utilizes the sustainable energy of the sun, operating during the day and stopping at night. It does not require personnel supervision, does not need fossil energy, can operate independently, and can also be used in combination with the power grid according to requirements. It is safe and reliable. Without any external energy, it can be flexibly applied to farmland irrigation, drinking water for humans and livestock, courtyard development, park beautification, construction of colorful fountains, oxygenation in aquaculture, water supply and drainage in coastal saltworks, etc. It can effectively solve the problem of farmland irrigation, increase production, save water and energy, and greatly reduce the investment in traditional energy and electricity. It has the advantages of long lifespan, low power consumption, low noise, smooth speed regulation, stable operation, and no interference.
Therefore, the photovoltaic water pump system has become the most effective way to use clean energy to replace fossil energy and an important product of new energy and new technology in the comprehensive solution to global "food problems" and "energy problems".
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