In the wave of global energy transition, commercial and industrial photovoltaic (PV) power plants, as the core path for enterprises to achieve low-carbon transformation and cost optimization, are becoming a strategic choice for more and more commercial entities. However, how to identify high-quality projects in a complex market environment and scientifically evaluate the power generation efficiency of power plants remain key issues for industry participants. This article systematically dismantles the core logic of project screening and constructs a scientific model for power generation calculation, providing practical guidelines for industry decision-makers.
I. Four-dimensional Evaluation System for Commercial and Industrial PV Project Screening
1. Credit Qualification Screening Mechanism
The primary prerequisite for enterprise cooperation is built on the cornerstone of credit. It is necessary to verify the credit records of project parties through multiple dimensions such as enterprise credit reporting systems and judicial judgment document networks. Entities with dishonest executors or major contract disputes should be "vetoed" to avoid performance risks from the source.
2. Property Right Compliance Review Framework
Clear property rights are the fundamental guarantee for the legal existence of a project. It is necessary to focus on verifying core documents such as real estate certificates and construction project planning permits, while tracing the land nature (industrial/commercial land) and service life to eliminate legal disputes caused by property defects.
A case shows that a project encountered a third-party ownership claim during the construction phase due to failure to verify the factory property ownership, resulting in a 6-month construction delay and a 12% cost increase.
3. Power Consumption Stability Assessment Model
Enterprise power consumption data is the "barometer" of project viability. It is necessary to analyze monthly power consumption curves, power factor and other parameters over the past 3 years, giving priority to continuous production enterprises (such as manufacturing parks), and avoiding scenarios with seasonal shutdowns or drastic power consumption fluctuations.
Data shows that the project yield of stable power consumption enterprises is on average 3.2 percentage points higher than that of fluctuating power consumption projects.
4. Building Adaptability Technical Standards
Factory structure directly affects the installation feasibility and operation and maintenance costs of PV systems. Light steel roofs (load ≥ 0.35kN/㎡) and buildings with a roof inclination of 10°-30° are preferred. For old factories with a corrosion rate exceeding 15%, a structural reinforcement assessment is required.
A logistics park project did not evaluate the roof load, resulting in structural deformation after installation, and the rectification cost accounted for 8% of the total investment.
II. Dialectical Analysis of High-voltage Access for Projects above 400kW
With the upgrading of grid access policies, high-voltage access (voltage class above 10kV) has been fully implemented for PV projects of 400kW and above, and this policy change is reshaping the industry ecosystem:
Opportunities
Improved market concentration: High-voltage access requires enterprises to have electrical engineering construction qualifications (such as above grade II general contracting), accelerating the elimination of small and medium-sized enterprises with weak technology, and the market share of leading enterprises increasing by an average of 15% annually
Prominent economies of scale: Large projects can reduce unit costs through centralized operation and maintenance, and the kWh operation and maintenance cost of projects above 10MW is 22% lower than that of small and medium-sized projects
Challenges
Surge in initial investment: It is necessary to configure high-voltage switchgear, transformers and other equipment, and the investment cost per watt increases by 0.8-1.2 yuan, and the initial investment of a 400kW project increases by about 320,000-480,000 yuan
Technical barriers to operation and maintenance: Licensed high-voltage electricians are required (no less than 3 people for every 10MW), and labor costs increase by 35% compared with low-voltage systems
In the long run, the high-voltage access policy will promote the industry to develop in the direction of professionalism and intensiveness, and enterprises with electrical system integration capabilities will gain a competitive advantage.
III. Construction of a Three-dimensional Model for Accurate Power Generation Calculation
1. Core Parameters of Light Resources
Annual equivalent utilization hours are the basic variables for power generation calculation, and hourly radiation data from authoritative databases such as NASA SSE and Meteonorm should be used. Take Chengdu as an example, its average annual equivalent utilization hours are about 1100h, 35% lower than that of photovoltaic bases in the northwest, but the power generation can be increased by 12%-15% through double-sided module technology.
2. System Efficiency Loss Matrix
Establishing a full-link loss model is the key to accurate calculation:
| Loss Link | Typical Loss Rate | Optimization Measures |
|---|---|---|
| Component Matching Loss | 3%-5% | Using string inverters |
| Cable Transmission Loss | 2%-3% | Optimizing cable cross-section and layout |
| Inverter Efficiency | 4%-6% | Selecting models with efficiency above 98.5% |
| Dust Obstruction | 5%-8% | Configuring intelligent cleaning systems |
3. Dynamic Correction Coefficient System
Introduce environmental correction factors (temperature coefficient -0.34%/℃), operation and maintenance attenuation coefficients (2.5% in the first year, 0.7% in subsequent years) and other parameters to build a dynamic evaluation model.
For example, for a 10MW project in Wuhan (annual average sunshine 1080h), after considering an 18% system efficiency loss, the annual power generation is approximately 1080×10×0.82=8856MWh.
Professional Services Empower Industrial Upgrading
As a leading integrated service provider in the industry, Zhongbu Qingtian New Energy has built a full-life cycle service system covering investment, construction, and operation and maintenance. The company holds the second-level qualification for general contracting of electrical engineering, is equipped with more than 30 certified electricians and 13 registered constructors, and has completed more than 50MW of photovoltaic EPC projects.
Through in-depth cooperation with leading enterprises such as Longi and Huawei, it has created a complete supply chain from photovoltaic modules to intelligent operation and maintenance, providing customers with customized energy solutions.
